Chemistry

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Biology

Week 1: Foundations of Biology

Class 1: What is Biology?
  • Definition of biology & why it’s important
  • Characteristics of living things 
  • Introduction to levels of organization
  • Scientific thinking: observations vs. inferences
Class 2: The Scientific Method & Lab Skills
  • Steps of the scientific method
  • Hypothesis, experiment, data collection, conclusion
  • Independent vs. dependent variables
Class 3: Chemical Bonding – Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds
  • Atoms, molecules, and why they matter in biology
  • Water properties 
  • Introduction to macromolecules

Week 2: Cell Functions, Energy, & DNA

Class 4: The Cell – Structure & Function
  • What is a cell? 
  • Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells
  • Organelles & their functions
Class 5: Cell Membrane & Transport
  • Structure & function of cell membrane
  • Passive transport (diffusion, osmosis)
  • Active transport (how cells use energy to move things in & out)
Class 6: Energy for Cells – Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
  • How do plants make energy?
  • How do animals & plants get energy from food? 
  • Chloroplasts & mitochondria: the energy powerhouses

Week 3: DNA, Genetics, Evolution, & Ecology

Class 7: DNA – The Blueprint of Life
  • What is DNA & why is it important?
  • Structure of DNA 
  • DNA replication
Class 8: Genetics & How Traits Are Inherited
  • Gregor Mendel & the basics of heredity
  • Dominant vs. recessive traits
  • Punnett squares (simple examples with eye color, etc.)
Class 9: Evolution, Ecology
  • Charles Darwin & natural selection 
  • Evidence for evolution
  • Ecology overview: food chains, food webs, energy flow
  • Human impact on ecosystems
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Chemistry

Week 1: Foundations of Chemistry

Day 1: Introduction to Chemistry
  • What is chemistry? The study of matter and its interactions
  • Basic chemistry terms: atoms, molecules, elements
  • Real-world applications of chemistry
Day 2: Properties & States of Matter
  • Physical vs. chemical properties
    States of matter: solids, liquids, gases
  • Phase changes: melting, freezing, condensation
Day 3: Atomic Structure
  • What is an atom? The basic building block of matter
  • Parts of an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons
  • Simple atomic models (Bohr model)

Week 2: The Periodic Table & Bonding

Day 4: Understanding the Periodic Table
  • Structure of the periodic table: groups & periods
  • Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
  • Trends in the periodic table (basic introduction)
Day 5: Atomic Structure & Bonding
  • Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes
  • Introduction to ions and valence electrons
Day 6: Chemical Bonding Basics
  • What is a chemical bond?
  • Difference between ionic and covalent bonds
  • Simple bonding examples (NaCl, H₂O)

Week 3: Chemical Reactions & Applications

Day 7: Introduction to Chemical Reactions
  • What happens in a chemical reaction?
  • Signs of chemical changes (color change, gas production, temperature change)
  • Simple examples (rusting, burning, cooking)
Day 8: Mixtures, Solutions & Acids/Bases
  • Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous mixtures
  • Examples of solutions (saltwater, lemonade)
  • Introduction to acids & bases and the pH scale
Day 9: Essential Chemistry Skills & Real-World Applications
  • Measurement basics: units, conversions, and significant figures
  • Understanding density and its applications
  • The role of chemistry in technology and innovation
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A.P Biology

Week 1: Biochemistry & Cell Biology

Class 1: Atomic Structure, Bonding, & Water Chemistry
  • Atomic structure and bonding in biological molecules
  • Properties of water, hydrogen bonding, and their biological significance
Class 2: Biomolecules & Macromolecules
  • Structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
  • Chemical reactions and biological importance
Class 3: Cell Membrane Structure & Transport
  • Fluid mosaic model and membrane components
  • Passive and active transport mechanisms

Week 2: Cellular Processes & Genetics

Class 4: The Cell Cycle, Mitosis & Meiosis
  • Phases of the cell cycle
  • Mitosis and its role in growth and repair
Class 5: Photosynthesis
  • Light-dependent and light-independent reactions
Class 6: Cellular Respiration
  • Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration pathways

Week 3: Molecular Biology, Evolution, & Ecology

Class 7: DNA Structure, Protein Synthesis, & Mutations
  • DNA Replication, transcription, and translation
  • Mutations and their effects on gene expression
Class 8: Mendelian & and Non-Mendelian Genetics
  • Punnett squares and inheritance patterns
  • Non-Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis)
Class 9: Evolution, Natural Selection & Ecology
  • Darwin’s theory and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
  • Genetic drift and speciation
  • Overview of ecosystems, energy flow, and human impact
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A.P Chemistry

Week 1: Foundations of Chemistry & Bonding

Class 1: Significant Figures, Scientific Notation & Unit Conversions
  • Accuracy vs. precision
  • Rounding & sig figs in calculations
  • Dimensional analysis & common unit conversions
Class 2: Atomic Structure & Periodic Trends
  • Subatomic particles & isotopes
  • Electron configurations
  • Trends: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity
Class 3: Chemical Bonding – Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds
  • Bonding models & Lewis structures
  • Polarity & VSEPR theory
  • Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) & their effects on properties

Week 2: Week 2: Chemical Reactions & Stoichiometry

Class 4: Chemical Nomenclature & Types of Compounds
  • Ionic vs. covalent compounds
  • Naming rules & formula writing
  • Polyatomic ions & transition metals
Class 5: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry
  • Molar mass, mole conversions
  • Balancing equations
  • Limiting reactants & percent yield problems
Class 6: Solutions & Molarity
  • Concentration calculations (molarity, molality)
  • Dilution calculations & solution preparation
  • Solubility & factors affecting dissolution

Week 3: Thermodynamics, Gases, & Acid-Base Chemistry

Class 7: Gases & Gas Laws
  • Boyle’s, Charles’s, Avogadro’s & Ideal Gas Law
  • Partial pressures & gas stoichiometry
Class 8: Thermochemistry – Heat, Enthalpy, & Calorimetry
  • Exothermic vs. endothermic reactions
  • q = mcΔT & calorimetry problems
  • Hess’s Law & enthalpy calculations
Class 9: Acids, Bases, & AP-Style Review
  • Strong vs. weak acids & bases
  • pH, pOH, and titration problems